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Ophcrack v3.0

2008-05-08T03:49:00.002-07:00

The Ophcrack Windows password cracker is by far the best among the free Windows password recovery tools available. It's fast and easy enough for a first time password cracker with a basic knowledge of Windows.
Save yourself time and energy by skipping past all of the other tools out there (even the "professional" password recovery software packages costing hundreds of dollars) and download, burn and use the LiveCD version of Ophcrack.
After just a few minutes of running the software, Ophcrack will find all of your passwords and display them on screen! Yes, it's that easy!
Publisher's Site
Pros
Software is freely available for download online
Passwords are recovered automatically using the LiveCD method
No software installation is necessary to recover passwords
No knowledge of any existing passwords is necessary
Ophcrack works with Windows XP and Windows Vista
Cons
400MB+ (XP) / 500MB+ (Vista) LiveCD ISO image must be downloaded
LiveCD ISO image must be burned to a CD before being used
Some antivirus software may mistakingly flag Ophcrack as malware
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Description
Ophcrack can recover 99.9% of passwords from nearly any Windows installation in seconds.
The Ophcrack LiveCD option allows for completely automatic password recovery.
LiveCD method requires no installation in Windows, making it a safe alternative to many other password recovery tools.
No Windows passwords need to be known to use the Ophcrack LiveCD to crack your Windows passwords.
Guide Review - Ophcrack v3.0
Ophcrack v3.0, in its LiveCD form (currently at v2.0), is the all-around best password recovery tool available today. Its nearly fool-proof setup, automatic password recovery, and overall speed puts Ophcrack in a league of its own. This comparison isn't made only against other free Windows password recovery tools. Ophcrack is number one among all of these programs, free or not, that I've ever used.
To get started, visit the Ophcrack site and click on the Download ophcrack LiveCD button. On the next page, click on either the XP or Vista link to download the correct ISO image file for your operating system. This file is large so it may take some time to download.
An ISO file contains everything that should go on a CD or DVD in a single file. The Ophcrack LiveCD ISO file contains a copy of the Linux operating system, the Ophcrack software, and other files needed to recover your passwords. Don't worry about the details - the Ophcrack LiveCD is fully automatic - no Linux experience required.
After downloading, burn the ISO image to a CD. Burning an ISO file is a little different than burning a normal file. If you need help, check out How to Burn an ISO Image File to a CD or DVD.
After burning, boot to the CD by rebooting your PC with the disc still in the drive. Linux will load, Ophcrack will start, and the password recovery process will begin.
Ophcrack will immediately locate the users on your Windows system and begin cracking their passwords. The process is automatic - you don't have to run any programs or even type or click anything! When the passwords are displayed on screen, write them down. Remove the CD, reset your computer and log on to Windows with your newly recovered password when complete.
The Ophcrack LiveCD requires some preparation but this password recovery tool is by far the best!
Publisher's Site
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Top 4 Free Windows Password Recovery Tools

2008-05-08T03:49:00.001-07:00

Password recovery tools are used to recover lost user and administrator passwords used to log on to Windows.
Password recovery tools are often called "password cracking" tools because they are sometimes used to "crack" passwords by hackers. Legally cracking your own password is certainly a legitimate and often necessary practice!
Many password recovery tools cost hundreds of dollars. Here are some free password recovery tools that will help recover forgotten Windows passwords fast!
1. Ophcrack

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The Ophcrack Windows password cracker is by far the best free Windows password recovery tool available. It's fast and easy enough for a first time password cracker with a basic knowledge of Windows.
With Ophcrack, you don't need any access to Windows to be able to recover your lost passwords. Simply visit the site, download the free ISO image, burn it to a CD and boot to the CD. The Ophrack program starts, locates the Windows user accounts, and proceeds to recover (crack) the passwords - all automatically.
In a test on my PC, Ophcrack recovered the 7-digit password to my administrator account in two minutes.
Ophcrack v3.0 Review
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2. Cain & Abel

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Cain & Abel is a free, fast and effective Windows password recovery tool.
Unlike Ophcrack, Cain & Abel is a more traditional software application and does require access to Windows under a particular user account. Due to this fact, Cain & Abel is often a valuable resource to recover passwords to accounts other than the one you're using, including the administrator account.
Cain & Abel should only be used by more experienced users because of its more complicated setup and other advanced features.
In the best of my tests, Cain & Abel recovered the 7-digit password to my administrator account in eight minutes.
More Info
3. LCP

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LCP is yet another free and very effective password recovery software tool for Windows.
Like Cain & Abel, LCP is a standard Windows program you download from LCPSoft's website and install inside of Windows.
LCP can be a little intimidating to those new to password recovery tools so some prior knowledge is very helpful to avoid even bigger problems with your PC.
In my test with LCP, my 7-digit administrator password was discovered in just under ten minutes.
More Info
4. John The Ripper
John the Ripper is a very popular free password recovery tool that can be used to find Windows account passwords.
While the password recovery application itself is free, the wordlists used by John the Ripper to discover passwords do cost and are required for the software to work. There may be free wordlist alternatives that work with John the Ripper but I have not tested them.
John the Ripper is operated at the command line making it a password cracking tool reserved for the very advanced user.
If you have experience with John the Ripper that you would like to share, please let me know.
More Info
Password Recovery Tools Aren't Necessary if You're Proactive!
These password recovery tools are great if you need them, but there's a much easier way to access your account if you forget your password - create a password reset disk!
A password reset disk is a special disk you can insert in your PC during the logon process that will allow you to reset your password. You will need to create this disk before you lose access to your account!
Create a Windows Vista Password Reset Disk
Create a Windows XP Password Reset Disk
Windows XP Password Resources
Change Your Windows XP Logon Password Create a Windows XP Logon Password Delete Your Windows XP Logon Password
Windows Vista Password Resources
Change Your Windows Vista Logon Password Create a Windows Vista Logon Password Delete Your Windows Vista Logon Password
Password Reset Disks
Create a Windows XP Password Reset Disk Create a Windows Vista Password Reset Disk
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Top 4 Free Memory Testing Software Tools

2008-05-08T03:48:00.001-07:00

Memory testing tools are software programs that perform detailed tests of your computer's memory system.
The memory installed in your computer is very sensitive. It's always a good idea to test newly purchased memory for errors and a memory test is always in order if you suspect that you may have a hardware problem.
1. Memtest86

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Memtest86 is a completely free, stand-alone, and extremely easy to use memory testing program. If you only have time to try one memory testing tool on this page, try Memtest86.
Simply download the ISO image from Memtest86's site and burn it to a CD. After that, just restart to boot from the CD and you're off.
While this program is free, BradyTech Inc. can ship you a CD-ROM with Memtest86 preinstalled plus detailed documentation, all for around $10 USD.
Unless you're a true novice and really need some assistance, the free download and free basic support available on the site should be enough. Just click on the "Free Download" link on the left hand side of the page, available at the Memtest86 site linked below.
Download Memtest86 Version 3.3
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2. Memtest86+

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Memtest86+ is a modified and presumably more up-to-date version of the original Memtest86 memory testing program, profiled above. Memtest86+ is also completely free.
I would recommend trying Memtest86+ if you have any problems running the Memtest86 memory test or if Memtest86 reports errors with your memory and you would like a really good second opinion.
Download Memtest86+ Version 1.70
3. Windows Memory Diagnostic

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Windows Memory Diagnostic is a free memory testing tool provided by Microsoft. Very similar to other memory testing programs, Windows Memory Diagnostic performs a series of extensive tests to determine what, if anything, is wrong with your computer memory.
Simply download the installer program and then follow the instructions to create a bootable floppy disk or ISO image for burning to a CD.
After booting to the CD or floppy disk, Windows Memory Diagnostic will automatically begin testing the memory and will repeat the tests until you stop them. If the first set of tests finds no errors, chances are your memory is good - it's unlikely that Windows Memory Diagnostic will find problems with repeated attempts.
Download Windows Memory Diagnostic
4. M2K MemScope

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M2K MemScope is a free memory testing software program from the makers of Micro-Scope - a large suite of professional, time tested (and expensive) computer diagnostic tools.
MemScope performs a wide variety of tests in an attempt to locate even the smallest issue with your memory. Many advanced testing options are available but the "Run All" test is equivalent to tests in other programs and is a safe bet if you're not a memory expert.
MemScope is freely downloadable from M2K's site, linked below. You will have to fill out a short form but you're quickly brought to the download link. I couldn't get the provided ISO file to work but I did use the "MemScope installer" option to create a bootable floppy disk without problem.
Download M2K MemScope Version 1.10
More About Memory
What is Computer Memory (RAM)?Where is the Memory in a Computer?How do I Boot to a CD?

Q. "How Do I Test My Hard Drive for Problems?"

2008-05-08T03:47:00.000-07:00

There are a lot of reasons you might want to test your hard drive for problems. One of the major reasons to perform a test would be if your hard drive is making strange noises. This can often be a sign of a failing drive, something a test can point out.
Some other reasons to test your hard drive would be if a defragmentation program directed you to do so or if normal troubleshooting steps for certain problems (like error messages in Windows) are of no help. Often times the last step is to diagnose a possible hard drive issue.
So what kinds of tests do you run? How do you do that?
A.
Test Your Hard Drive Using Free Diagnostic Tools
Some of the best hard drive testing software programs are free! There are actually four that I recommend though there are many more.
If you're a user of Windows XP or Windows Vista, Microsoft includes a program called Error Checking which can perform some very basic tests and can even attempt to correct errors as it finds them. Most other free hard drive testing programs are supported by the hard drive manufacturers themselves and are much more powerful. Seagate, Hitachi, and Western Digital all make very popular testing programs.
Purchase a Retail Hard Drive Testing Software Program
If the free programs aren't feature rich enough for you, there are a number of companies that create even more powerful testing and correcting tools.
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How To Create a Paperclip Drive Opener

2008-05-08T03:46:00.002-07:00

Have you ever needed to open your CD or DVD optical drive when the power was off? Perhaps the drive quit working but your favorite game was inside. This easy trick will get the drive bay open fast.
If you would prefer a video demonstration, check out Don Schechter's visual walk through on how to open a stuck drive on your PC.
Difficulty: Easy
Time Required: Creating a paperclip drive opener to open your stuck CD or DVD drive takes less than 5 minutes
Here's How:
Unfold the paperclip until there is at least 1 to 2 inches (2 to 5 cm) that is perfectly straight.
Look closely at your CD or DVD drive. Directly under or above the drive bay door (the part that "ejects" the CD or DVD) there should be a very small pinhole.
Insert the paperclip into the pinhole. Directly behind the pinhole is small gear that when rotated will manually open the drive.
Retract and reinsert the paperclip as often as needed to eject the drive bay enough to grab a hold of it.
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Slowly pull on the drive bay until it's fully retracted. Take care not to continue to pull when you feel resistance.
Remove the CD or DVD from the drive.
Slowly push the drive bay back into the drive until closed or press the open/close button if the drive is still working.
What You Need:
A single heavy-duty paperclip
More How To's from your Guide To Focus on PC

How to Guess Your Own Passwords

2008-05-08T03:46:00.001-07:00

Tips to Help You Remember Forgotten Passwords
Unless your password was randomly generated, it's probably locked away in your mind somewhere. Brute force memory retrieval (i.e. "thinking really hard") isn't usually very effective so what can you do to try to remember what your password was?
Easy! You need clues! Most people create passwords, even complicated ones, based on the people, places and things in their personal and professional lives. Knowing this, check out the clues below. They might give you enough edge to finally remember that password!
Try Your Other Passwords
The most obvious advise is to try some of your other passwords! Very few computer users actually create unique passwords for each account that requires one.
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Your Name
Try variations of your own name. While this isn't a very secure way to create a password, it's very common and you may have created your password in a similar way. For example, if your name was Michael P Archer, common passwords might include:
Mike1234
MikePA
leahcim
archerMP You get the idea. Try different combinations of your name and maybe even your nickname.
Names of Friends and Family
Many people use names or combinations of names of family members and friends to create passwords. If something rings a bell here or you have ever created passwords like this before, give this one a try.
Pet Information
We love our pets! Which is why many passwords include pet names and pet birthdays. If you treat your cat like a kid, chances are you've used his or her name as a password. Maybe you used it this time!
Birthdays
Birthdays are also very popular passwords, especially when combined with names. If Michael P Archer's birthday was 05-June-1975, some passwords he might have come up with include:
m060575
1975MPA
archerjune
mp75 There are a lot more possibilities here. If think you've ever set a password like this, try some combinations with your information.
Home & Office Addresses
Using complete or parts of addresses important in your life could have been inspiration for a password you created.
Ideas from Childhood
Something important to you as a child may be a theme throughout your passwords. Examples here are endless but maybe you had a favorite pet growing up, a name for an imaginary friend, etc. These types of ideas are popular ways to create easy to remember passwords... well, usually.
Important Numbers
Some numbers that often play a part in passwords include phone numbers (especially previous ones), social security numbers, notable sports scores, important historical dates, drivers license numbers, etc.
Another interesting way people use numbers as passwords is by how they are arranged on the computer keypad. For example, a popular combination includes 1793 because these numbers are at all four corners of the keypad. Does this sound familiar? If so, try some things here.
Try some of these number ideas in combination with some other ideas in this article like family and pet names.
Some Other Ideas
Other popular password inspirations include favorite foods, favorite places, vacation spots, celebrity names and sports teams.
If you're pretty good at creating secure passwords, chances are you used a combination of of any of the above ideas in creating your now forgotten password.
Still Can't Remember the Password?
If after all this mental work you still can't remember your password, you may have to try something a little more high-tech like a password recovery program. These programs make random guesses at your password until they figure it out. It might seem a little inefficient but they guess very quickly!
If you're needing your Windows logon password, try using a free windows password recovery program.
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How To Find the BIOS Version in the Windows Registry

2008-05-08T03:45:00.001-07:00

Determining the current version of BIOS on your motherboard usually involves restarting your PC and paying really close attention. An easier way is to find the BIOS version from inside the Windows registry - without a reboot!
Note: No changes are made to the registry in these steps. However, if you're afraid that you might accidentally modify something, you can always backup specific registry keys or even backup the entire registry for safe keeping.
Follow the steps below to find the current BIOS version that's running on your motherboard:
Difficulty: Easy
Time Required: Finding the BIOS version in the Windows Registry usually takes less than 10 minutes
Here's How:
Click on Start and then Run.
In the text box in the Run window, type regedit and click OK. This will open the Registry Editor program.
Note: Do not make any changes to any entry anywhere in Registry Editor to avoid causing serious system issues. These steps only direct you to view a registry entry, not to make changes.
Locate the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE folder under My Computer and click on the (+) sign next the folder name to expand the folder.
In the resulting folders, locate and click on the (+) sign next to HARDWARE to expand this folder.
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In the resulting folders, locate and click on the (+) sign next to DESCRIPTION to expand this folder.
In the resulting folders, locate and click on the System folder.
In the results that appear in the window on the right, locate the SystemBiosVersion and SystemBiosDate entries.
The data in the SystemBiosVersion field contains the BIOS version for your motherboard. This field may also contain additional information such as the chipset manufacturer and BIOS manufacturer.
The data in the SystemBiosDate field contains the calendar date associated with the current BIOS version on your motherboard. The BIOS date can be useful in determining the current BIOS version from a motherboard manufacturer's website if the version is not clear in the SystemBiosVersion field.
Close Registry Editor without making any changes.
Tips:
If you're not comfortable working in the registry there is another option. You can also find the current BIOS version from the Microsoft System Information program. If the registry makes you nervous, this is a great alternative solution to finding the BIOS version running on your motherboard.
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Find the BIOS Version Using MSINFO32 Access the BIOS Setup Utility What is the BIOS?
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How To Find the BIOS Version from the Microsoft System Information Program

2008-05-08T03:44:00.000-07:00

Finding your current BIOS version usually involves a system reboot. Another much easier way to get your motherboard BIOS version is from a program called Microsoft System Information. It's already on your PC and it won't require a reboot!
Follow the steps below to find the current BIOS version that's running on your motherboard:
Difficulty: Easy
Time Required: Less than 10 minutes
Here's How:
Click on Start and then Run.
In the text box in the Run window, type msinfo32 and click OK. This will open the System Information program.
When System Information first opens, it defaults to the System Summary, a short list with some of the most important information about your computer system listed.
On the right side of the program, locate the BIOS Version/Date entry.
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This field contains the BIOS version that is currently running on your motherboard. This field may also contain additional information such as the BIOS date, BIOS manufacturer, motherboard manufacturer and the motherboard model number.
Note: If the BIOS date is shown, it can be useful in determining the current BIOS version from a motherboard manufacturer's website if the version is not clear here.
Close System Information.
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How To Boot your Computer from a Bootable CD or DVD

2008-05-08T03:42:00.002-07:00

Booting from a CD is sometimes necessary to run advanced tools like memory testing programs and password recovery tools.
You'll also need to boot to a CD or DVD if you're planning to install an operating system like Windows XP or run diagnostic tools like the Windows XP Recovery Console.
When you boot from a CD, what you're actually doing is running your computer with a small operating system that's installed on the CD. When you start your computer normally, you're running with the operating system installed on your hard drive - Windows, Linux, etc.
Follow these easy steps to boot from a CD or DVD.
Difficulty: Easy
Time Required: Booting from a CD or DVD usually takes less than 10 to 20 minutes.
Here's How:
Change the BIOS boot order so the CD or DVD drive is listed first. Some computers are already configured this way but many are not.
If the CD or DVD drive is not first in the boot order, your PC will start "normally" (i.e. boot from your hard drive) without even looking at what might be in your disc drive.
Note: After setting your optical drive as the first boot device in BIOS, your computer will check that drive for a bootable CD or DVD each time your computer starts. Leaving your PC configured this way shouldn't cause problems unless you plan on leaving a disc in the drive all the time.
Insert your bootable CD or bootable DVD in your disc drive.
How do you know if a CD or DVD is bootable? The easiest way to find out if a disc is bootable is to insert it in your drive and follow the remainder of these instructions. Most operating system setup CDs and DVDs are bootable, as are many advanced diagnostic tools like the ones I discussed above.
Note: Programs downloadable from the Internet that are intended to be bootable discs are usually made available in ISO format. See How to Burn an ISO Image File to a CD or DVD for more information.
Restart your computer.
Watch for a Press any key to boot from CD... message.
When booting to a Windows setup CD/DVD and many other bootable discs, you may be prompted with a message to press a key to boot to the disc. To boot to the CD or DVD, you'll need to press any key on your keyboard (like the space bar) within the few seconds that the message is on the screen.
If you do nothing, your computer will check for boot information on the next boot device in the list in BIOS (see Step 1) which will probably be your hard drive.
Some bootable CDs and DVDs do not prompt for a key press and will start immediately.
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Your computer should now boot from the CD or DVD disc..
Note: What happens now depends on what the bootable disc was for. If you're booting to a Windows Vista DVD, the Windows Vista setup program will begin. If you're booting to a Slackware Live CD, the version of the Slackware Linux operating system you've included on the CD will run. You get the idea.
If you tried the above steps but your computer did not boot from the CD or DVD properly, check out some of the tips below.
Tips:
Recheck the boot order in BIOS (Step 1). I've found that the number one reason a bootable disc won't boot is because BIOS is not configured to check the CD/DVD drive first.
Do you have more than one CD or DVD drive? Your computer probably only allows for one of your disc drives to be booted from. Insert the bootable CD or DVD in the other drive and restart your computer.
Clean the CD or DVD. If the disc is old, as are many Windows Setup CDs and DVDs by the time they're needed, clean it. A clean disc could make all the difference.
Burn a new CD/DVD. If the DVD or CD is one you created yourself, like from an ISO file, then burn it again. The disc may have errors on it that reburning could correct. I've had this happen to me more than once.
More How To's from your Guide To Focus on PC Support
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Find the BIOS Version from the Microsoft System Informa...Find the BIOS Version in the Windows Registry Guess Your Own Password Paperclip Drive Opener

Close the Computer Case

2008-05-08T03:42:00.001-07:00

Close the Computer Case
At this point all of the installation and wiring should be completed with the power supply. Replace the computer cover or panel to the case. Fasten the cover or panel with the screws that were previously removed to open the case.
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Fasten the Computer Cover
©Mark Kyrnin
Intro and Opening the Case
Aligning the Power Supply
Fasten the Power Supply
Set the Voltage Switch
Plug the Power Supply to the Motherboard
Connect Power to Devices
Close the Computer Case
Plug in the Power and Turn on the System
<<> Next >>
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Connect Power to Devices

2008-05-08T03:41:00.002-07:00

Connect Power to Devices
A number of items reside within a computer case that require power from the power supply. The most common device is the various hard drives and CD/DVD drives. Typically these use the 4-pin molex style connector. Locate the appropriate sized power leads and plug them into any devices that require power.
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Connect Power to Devices
©Mark Kyrnin
Intro and Opening the Case
Aligning the Power Supply
Fasten the Power Supply
Set the Voltage Switch
Plug the Power Supply to the Motherboard
Connect Power to Devices
Close the Computer Case
Plug in the Power and Turn on the System
<<> Next >>
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Plug the Power Supply to the Motherboard

2008-05-08T03:41:00.001-07:00

Plug the Power Supply to the Motherboard
If the computer already has the motherboard installed into it, the power leads from the power supply need to be plugged in. Most modern motherboard use the large ATX power connector that gets plugged into the socket on the motherboard. Some motherboards require an additional amount of power through a 4-pin ATX12V connector. Plug this in if required.
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Plug the Power Supply to the Motherboard
©Mark Kyrnin
Intro and Opening the Case
Aligning the Power Supply
Fasten the Power Supply
Set the Voltage Switch
Plug the Power Supply to the Motherboard
Connect Power to Devices
Close the Computer Case
Plug in the Power and Turn on the System
<<> Next >>
DIY Tutorials
Build Your Own Desktop PC Newsletter Course DIY: Budget Gaming PC Guide DIY: Budget PC Guide DIY: Home Theater PC Guide DIY: Installing a CD/DVD Drive

Installing a Desktop Power Supply

2008-05-08T03:40:00.001-07:00

Set the Voltage Switch
Make sure that the voltage switch on the back of the power supply is set to the proper voltage level for your country. North America and Japan use 110/115v, while Europe and many other countriesuse 220/230v. In most cases the switch will come preset to the voltage settings for your region.
zSB(3,3)
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Set the Voltage Switch
©Mark Kyrnin
Intro and Opening the Case
Aligning the Power Supply
Fasten the Power Supply
Set the Voltage Switch
Plug the Power Supply to the Motherboard
Connect Power to Devices
Close the Computer Case
Plug in the Power and Turn on the System
<<> Next >>
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Installing a Desktop Power Supply

2008-05-08T03:39:00.000-07:00

Fasten the Power Supply
Now comes one of the most difficult portions of the power supply installation. The power supply needs to be held in place while it is fastened to the case with screws. If the case has a shelf ledge that the power supply sits on, it will be easier to balance.
zSB(3,3)
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<<> Next >>
Fasten the Power Supply to the Case
©Mark Kyrnin
Intro and Opening the Case
Aligning the Power Supply
Fasten the Power Supply
Set the Voltage Switch
Plug the Power Supply to the Motherboard
Connect Power to Devices
Close the Computer Case
Plug in the Power and Turn on the System
<<> Next >>
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Installing a Desktop Power Supply

2008-05-08T03:38:00.002-07:00

Aligning the Power Supply
Align the new PSU into place in the case so that the 4 mounting holes align properly. Make sure that any air intake fan on the power supply that resides in the case is facing towards the center of the case and not towards the case cover.
zSB(3,3)
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<<> Next >>
Align the Power Supply in the Case
©Mark Kyrnin
Intro and Opening the Case
Aligning the Power Supply
Fasten the Power Supply
Set the Voltage Switch
Plug the Power Supply to the Motherboard
Connect Power to Devices
Close the Computer Case
Plug in the Power and Turn on the System
<<> Next >>
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Installing a Desktop Power Supply

2008-05-08T03:38:00.001-07:00

Intro and Opening the Case
Difficulty: SimpleTime Required: 5-10 minutesTools Required: Screwdriver
This guide was developed to instruct readers on the proper procedures for installing a power supply unit (PSU) into a desktop computer case. It includes step-by-step instructions with photographs for the physical installation of the PSU into a computer case.
IMPORTANT: Many name brand manufacturer PCs use specially designed power supplies that have been built specifically for their systems. As a result, it is generally not possible to buy a replacement power supply and install it into these systems. If your power supply is having problems, you will likely need to contact the manufacturer for repairs.
CAUTION: All power supplies contain various capacitors inside of them that retain power even after the power supply had all power turned off.
zSB(3,3)
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Ultimate Gaming PCsBlisteringly fast, fully loaded! Packages and custom-built from £420www.ComputerPlanet.co.uk
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Custom Intel/Amd Pc'sTrade price for everyone beat eba'y for priceswww.systemstoyou.co.ukNever open up or insert any metal objects into the vents of the power supply as you can risk electrical shock.
To start with installing a power supply, it is necessary to open up the case. The method for opening the case will vary depending upon its design. Most new cases use either a panel or door while older systems require the whole cover be removed. Be sure to remove any screws fastening the cover to the case and set them aside.
Previous Next >>
Open Up the Computer Case
©Mark Kyrnin
Intro and Opening the Case
Aligning the Power Supply
Fasten the Power Supply
Set the Voltage Switch
Plug the Power Supply to the Motherboard
Connect Power to Devices
Close the Computer Case
Plug in the Power and Turn on the System

Before You Buy Desktop Speakers

2008-05-08T03:37:00.000-07:00

There are a few important things to take stock of before shopping for a new set of speakers. Surprisingly, what they look like is often as important as what they sound like.
What Will You Use Speakers For?
It's important to honestly ask yourself what the speakers are going to do for you. Overbuying will do nothing but waste you some hard earned money while underbuying will leave you dissatisfied with your purchase.
If you need speakers to hear the "you've got mail" alert, then the cheapest set of speakers you can find will be more than enough.
If you need speakers that can reproduce 7.1 Dolby Digital surround sound produced by advanced games, then you'll need to buy at the high end.
What if You're an "Average" User?
For most of us, we need speakers so our computers can give us feedback and so we can listen to high quality music and to audio from movies and videos. Luckily, the average $20 to $50 computer speaker set does this job perfectly. Most in this price range come with two large speakers for the desktop and also a subwoofer.
zSB(3,3)
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What Features are Supported by Your Sound Card?
Sound cards vary in the quality of the sound they can produce for the speakers as well as the number of surround sound speakers they support. These days, many that retail for under $10 support 5.1 3D surround sound - more than enough capability for even very advanced audio users.
Higher-end cards paired with higher-end speakers are usually only beneficial to professionals in the audio production and editing businesses.
How Much Space Do You Have?
A simple stereo speaker set that has two speakers will probably fit nicely on either side of your monitor even if your desktop real estate is slim. On the other hand, if you're planning on investing in a larger setup with a subwoofer or surround sound speakers, you will need to survey the area around your computer setup to make sure there is ample room to properly position them.
What Color Is Your Computer?
Take a close look at the color of your monitor and possibly your computer case if it's not hidden away. Most people don't realize until they're setting up their new speakers that they've purchased a set that clashes with the rest of the computer.
If no one ever sees your computer and the neon orange speaker deal of a lifetime comes along then I say go for it. If you love showing your computer off to friends then it's a good idea to keep some aesthetics in mind.
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Test the New Keyboard & Mouse

2008-05-08T03:36:00.000-07:00

Test the keyboard and mouse by opening some programs with your mouse and typing some text with your keyboard. It's a good idea to test every key to ensure there were no issues during the manufacture of your new keyboard.
If the keyboard and/or mouse do not function, check to make sure there is no interference and that the equipment is in range of the receiver. Also, check the troubleshooting information probably included with your manufacturer instructions.
Remove the old keyboard and mouse from the computer if they are still connected.
If you plan on disposing of your old equipment, check with IBM PC Recycling Service or Amandi Inc. for recycling information.
zSB(3,3)
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Latest Mice & Keyboardsby Cherry Logitech Microsoft Huge Range Great Deals Low Cost Delwww.microdirect.co.ukIf your keyboard or mouse is Dell-branded, they offer a completely free recycling service by mail (yes, Dell covers the postage) that I highly recommend you take advantage of.
Unpack the Equipment
Setup the Keyboard & Mouse
Position the Wireless Receiver
Install the Software
Connect the Receiver to the Computer
Test the New Keyboard & Mouse
<<> Next
Installing a Wireless Keyboard: More Resources
Profile: Keyboard
Installing a Wireless Mouse: More Resources
Profile: Mouse
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Connect the Receiver to the Computer

2008-05-08T03:35:00.000-07:00

Finally, with your computer turned on, plug the USB connector at the end of the receiver into a free USB port on the back (or front if need be) of your computer case.
Note: If you have no free USB ports, you may need to purchase a USB Hub which will give your computer access to additional USB ports.
After plugging in the receiver, your computer will begin to configure the hardware for your computer to use. When the configuration is complete, you will probably see a message on the screen similar to "Your new hardware is now ready to use."
Unpack the Equipment
Setup the Keyboard & Mouse
Position the Wireless Receiver
Install the Software
Connect the Receiver to the Computer
Test the New Keyboard & Mouse
<<> Next >>
Installing a Wireless Keyboard: More Resources
Profile: Keyboard
Installing a Wireless Mouse: More Resources
Profile: Mouse
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2008-05-08T03:34:00.000-07:00

Almost all new hardware has accompanying software that must be installed. This software contains drivers that tell the operating system on the computer how to work with the new hardware.
The software provided for wireless keyboards and mice differ greatly between manufacturers so check with the instructions included with your purchase for specifics. Generally, though, all installation software is fairly straightforward:
Insert the CD into the drive. The installation software should start automatically.
Read the on-screen instructions. If you're not sure how to answer some questions during the setup process, accepting the default suggestions are a safe bet.
Note: If you do not have an existing mouse or keyboard or they are not functioning, this step should be your last one. Software is nearly impossible to install without a working keyboard and mouse!
Unpack the Equipment
Setup the Keyboard & Mouse
Position the Wireless Receiver
Install the Software
Connect the Receiver to the Computer
Test the New Keyboard & Mouse

Position the Wireless Receiver

2008-05-08T03:33:00.000-07:00

The wireless receiver is the component that physically connects to your computer and picks up the wireless signals from your keyboard and mouse, allowing it to communicate with your system.
Note: Some setups will have two wireless receivers - one for the keyboard and the other for the mouse but the setup instructions will otherwise be the same.
While the specific requirements vary from brand to brand, there are two considerations to keep in mind when choosing where to position the receiver:
Distance from Interference: Keep the receiver at least 8 inches (20 cm) away from sources of interference such as the computer monitor and computer case and other items that may cause interference such as fans, fluorescent lights, metal filing cabinets, etc.
Distance from Keyboard and Mouse: The receiver should be positioned somewhere between 8 inches (20 cm) and 6 feet (1.8 m) from the keyboard and mouse.
Important: Do not connect the receiver to the computer quite yet. This is a future step when installing the wireless keyboard and mouse.
Unpack the Equipment
Setup the Keyboard & Mouse
Position the Wireless Receiver
Install the Software
Connect the Receiver to the Computer
Test the New Keyboard & Mouse

How to Install a Wireless Keyboard and Mouse 2

2008-05-08T03:32:00.000-07:00

Setup the Keyboard & Mouse

Since the keyboard and mouse you're installing are wireless, they can not receive power from the computer like wired keyboards and mice can which is why they require batteries. Turn the keyboard and mouse over and remove the battery compartment covers. Insert new batteries in the directions shown (match + with the + on the battery and visa-a-versa).
Place the keyboard and mouse wherever comfortable on your desk. Please keep in mind proper ergonomics when deciding where to position your new equipment. Making the correct decision now can help prevent carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis in the future.
Note: If you have an existing keyboard and mouse that you're using during this setup process, just move them elsewhere on your desk until this setup is complete.
zSB(3,3)
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Unpack the Equipment
Setup the Keyboard & Mouse
Position the Wireless Receiver
Install the Software
Connect the Receiver to the Computer
Test the New Keyboard & Mouse

How to Install a Wireless Keyboard and Mouse

2008-05-08T03:30:00.000-07:00

Installing a wireless keyboard and mouse begins with unpacking all of the equipment from the box. If you purchased this as part of a rebate program, be sure to keep the UPC from the box.
Your product box will probably contain the following items:
Wireless keyboard
Wireless mouse
Wireless receiver(s)
Batteries (if not, you may have to supply these)
Software (usually on a CD)
Manufacturer instructions If you are missing anything, contact either the retailer where you purchased the equipment or the manufacturer. Different products have different requirements so check the included instructions if you have them.
Unpack the Equipment
Setup the Keyboard & Mouse
Position the Wireless Receiver
Install the Software
Connect the Receiver to the Computer
Test the New Keyboard & Mouse

2008-05-08T03:29:00.000-07:00

The case side panel can now be removed.
Sometimes the panel can simply be lifted off while other times it may be attached to the case in a slide-lock manner. No matter the mechanism, you should be able to easily jar the panel loose.
Turn the Computer Off
Unplug the Power Cable
Remove All External Cables and Attachments
Remove the Side Panel Retaining Screws
Remove the Case Side Panel
<<> Next
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2008-05-08T03:28:00.000-07:00

Remove the outermost screws from the case - the ones that are holding the side panels to the rest of the case. You will likely need a phillips-head screwdriver to remove these screws.
Set these screws aside. You will need to use them to secure the side panels to the case again when you are through working inside your computer.
Note: Take care not to remove the screws that are securing the power supply to the case. These screws are more inset than the case retaining screws and may cause the power supply to fall into the computer, possibly causing damage.
Turn the Computer Off
Unplug the Power Cable
Remove All External Cables and Attachments
Remove the Side Panel Retaining Screws
Remove the Case Side Panel
<<> Next >>
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Remove All External Cables and Attachments

2008-05-08T03:27:00.000-07:00

Remove all cables and other devices attached to to your computer. This will make it much easier to work inside your computer and to move it around as needed.
Turn the Computer Off
Unplug the Power Cable
Remove All External Cables and Attachments
Remove the Side Panel Retaining Screws
Remove the Case Side Panel
<<> Next >>
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How to Open a Standard Screw Secured Computer Case

2008-05-08T03:24:00.001-07:00

Before opening the case, you must turn the computer off.
Shutdown your operating system as you normally do. On the back of your computer, locate the power switch and turn it off, as shown above.
Some computers do not have a power switch on the back of the computer. If you do not find one, skip to the next step.
Turn the Computer Off
Unplug the Power Cable
Remove All External Cables and Attachments
Remove the Side Panel Retaining Screws
Remove the Case Side Panel
Previous Next >>
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Unplug the power cable that is currently plugged in to the power supply on the back of your computer.
Note: This is an important step! It may seem overly cautious to remove the power cable in addition to powering off the computer normally, but some parts of a computer remain powered on even when the computer seems to be off.
Turn the Computer Off
Unplug the Power Cable
Remove All External Cables and Attachments
Remove the Side Panel Retaining Screws
Remove the Case Side Panel
<<> Next >>
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Fix the 5 Most Common DLL Errors

2008-05-08T03:23:00.004-07:00

Fix the 5 Most Common DLL Errors
Errors involving DLL fies are very common and just as frustrating. They're often very hard to work through and usually require more than a little experience fixing issues with Windows. With a little help, however, anyone can fix just about any DLL problem without calling in the high-priced support guys in the little cars (you know who I'm talking about). Here are the 5 most common DLL errors and easy instructions on how to fix them.

Show Hidden Files and Folders in Windows XP

2008-05-08T03:23:00.003-07:00

Show Hidden Files and Folders in Windows XP
Some files are hidden from view by default in Windows XP. These are files that you won't need to get to often. In fact, they're files that you should never need to find, open, or do anything with. That is, of course, unless you're having a problem that's being caused by one of these hidden files. Regardless of the reason why, if you're interested in viewing all of the files on your computer, including the hidden ones, you'll be happy to know that configuring Windows XP to show hidden files is pretty simple.

Download Windows Vista Service Pack 1

2008-05-08T03:23:00.001-07:00

Download Windows Vista Service Pack 1
Windows Vista Service Pack 1 is finally available. You can download it from Microsoft's website right now. It's a big download - over 400MB. If you'd prefer to use Windows Update to install Windows Vista SP1, you can get away with a much faster download. Either way gives you the same result - it's up to. Some people prefer to download the entire file so they can install it later. Be sure to read all the documentation that comes along with this update. Windows Vista Service Pack 1 could cause problems with some of your software, but of course it could fix some issues you're having too.

Fix Ieframe.dll Problems

2008-05-08T03:22:00.001-07:00

Fix Ieframe.dll Problems
After Internet Explorer 7 came out, a number of Windows users ran into the "Res://ieframe.dll/dnserror.htm#" error or the "File Not Found C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\IEFRAME.DLL" error. Even though IE7 has been out for quite some time, this is still a common error that I see talked about around the Internet. Unfortunately, I write a lot about DLL errors. They're very common and often painful to troubleshoot. Ieframe.dll errors are especially troubling because they can show up for a huge number of reasons. There are, however, plenty of things you can to do fix them. Give it a shot yourself before you pay a bunch to that "squad" of computer experts downtown.

Test Your Computer's Memory for Free

2008-05-08T03:21:00.000-07:00

I was answering a question over in the forums today and I recommended to someone having weird error that they test their memory. The error message didn't say anything all about a memory problem but I assure you that doesn't matter. When was the last time you saw an error message that actually meant what it said? Exactly. The memory in your computer is the working space for everything that it does. If your memory is having a problem, just about anything can happen - lock-ups, random error messages, lost files, startup problems... I could go on and on. Lucky for us, there are some very powerful and completely free memory testing tools that anyone can use. Believe it or not, it's basically the same diagnostic software that nearly every computer-fix-it store uses. Even if you have no use for it right now, it would be very wise to keep one of these memory tests in your arsenal of tools.

Clean Your Mouse to Solve Cursor Problems

2008-05-08T03:20:00.000-07:00

Does your mouse no longer move smoothly across your mouse pad? Do you have problems making small movements with your mouse when drawing on screen? Ever try to check a checkbox or click a button but the cursor "jumps" right over it? Guess what? You have a dirty mouse. Your mouse pad or desk surface collects dust and grime pretty easily. When your mouse rolls around on this debris, it tends to pick some of it up and deposit it inside your mouse. As this builds up, the mechanisms in your mouse that tell it how to move quit working as well, causing the kinds of problems I talked about. Cleaning your mouse is a super easy way to improve your experience at your computer. Go ahead, just do it right now. You'll be amazed at how much easier your mouse is to use when it's rolling right again.

Reinstall Windows XP Without Losing Your Data

2008-05-08T03:19:00.002-07:00

I often get asked, usually in the forum, if there's a way to reinstall Windows XP without having to erase everything and start over. Lucky for all of us there is, and it's pretty easy as long as you can dig up your Windows CD. It's called a Windows Repair Install. A repair install is a way of installing Windows XP right over top of your existing Windows XP installation, repairing any damaged operating system files in the process. The best part is that all of your other programs and any other saved data on your computer is left alone during the process. Repair installs don't always fix every problem - sometimes starting over from scratch by wiping your computer clean first and then installing Windows (a process called a clean install) is necessary. For many problems though, reinstalling Windows XP with a repair install is a safe, effective way to solve serious problems with the operating system.

Start In Safe Mode If You Can't Get In

2008-05-08T03:19:00.001-07:00

Start In Safe Mode If You Can't Get In
Windows XP not starting all the way? Is your computer locking up during the boot process? Receiving error messages before you even see your Start Button? Just about anything could be wrong but your first step should probably be to start Windows in "Safe Mode." Safe Mode, in comparison to the "Normal Mode" that you usually start Windows XP in, is a special way to start Windows where only the minimum programs and processes necessary are started. Think of it as a bare-bones version of the operating system. Starting Windows XP in Safe Mode is very easy. Feel free to give it a try anytime - you don't have to wait until something goes wrong to get familiar with it.

Solve Many Startup and Lockup Problems by Reseating Cards

2008-05-08T03:17:00.001-07:00

A basic hardware troubleshooting step when your computer is locking up or spontaneously restarting, especially during the boot-up process, is to reseat the expansion cards in your computer. Reseating, which is just another way of saying "remove-and-reinsert," assures that the card is making a good, clean connection with the contacts on the motherboard. Expansion cards can wiggle loose and build up dirt over time so the simple act of removing and reinserting them in their slots on the motherboard will often clear up what might have appeared to be a major issue. Reseating the expansion cards in your PC is pretty easy, even if you've never been inside your computer before. It's certainly worth a shot before buying new hardware or hauling your computer in for service.

UPDATE: Windows XP Service Pack 3 (SP3) Now Available

2008-05-08T03:15:00.000-07:00

UPDATE: Windows XP SP3 is now available via Windows Update. Enjoy! It's been rumored for some time that Windows XP Service Pack 3 would be available soon... and it almost was a few days ago. Microsoft found an issue with SP3 which is causing a delay in its availability. I would guess that it'll be released sometime in the next few weeks. If you'd like to read up on it, check out Microsoft's Windows XP Service Pack 3 Overview document. The information is a little technical but it's still readable. It outlines some of the new features SP3 provides Windows XP users (don't get excited - it's nothing fancy) and provides a link to information on what sorts of problems SP3 fixes. Here's some more service pack information for your reading pleasure: What is a Service Pack?How To Find What Service Pack Level Your Windows XP PC Is Running

5 Most Common DLL Errors and How to Fix Them

2008-05-08T03:14:00.002-07:00

Easy Fixes for Common DLL Problems
DLL errors are some of the most common, frustrating, and complicated errors to troubleshoot and resolve. Fixing a DLL error is rarely as easy as replacing the DLL, something that I don't recommend doing even if it does fix the problem.
Below is a list of the 5 most common DLL errors that computer users are seeing right now with links to easy to follow, step-by-step solutions that anyone can handle!
Hal.dll - "Missing Or Corrupt Hal.dll"
The error "Missing or corrupt hal.dll" and other hal.dll errors like it are often caused by boot.ini or hal.dll file issues. This error message usually appears as "Windows could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt - Windows root\system32\hal.dll. Please re-install a copy of the above file."
Fix the "Missing Or Corrupt Hal.dll" Error
zSB(3,3)
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Ntdll.dll - "Unknown Hard Error Ntdll.dll"
In almost all cases, ntdll.dll errors are caused by software programs, not the operating system. Common error messages include "STOP: C0000221 unknown hard error \SystemRoot\System32\ntdll.dll", "NTDLL.DLL Error!" and others.
Fix the "Unknown Hard Error Ntdll.dll" Error
Kernel32.dll - "Invalid Page Fault in Module Kernel32.dll"
"Explorer caused an invalid page fault in module Kernel32.DLL" is the most common kernel32.dll error message you'll see. Kernel32.dll errors are usually caused by software programs that are accessing areas of your system memory incorrectly.
Fix the "Invalid Page Fault in Module Kernel32.dll" Error
D3dx9_25.dll - "D3dx9_25.dll Not Found"
"D3dx9_25.dll Not Found" and "D3dx9_25.dll is Missing" errors are usually caused by DirectX problems. You'll most often see d3dx9_25.dll errors when starting certain video games or advanced graphics programs.
Fix the "D3dx9_25.dll Not Found" Error
Ieframe.dll - "Res://ieframe.dll/dnserror.htm#"
Ieframe.dll issues are usually seen one of two ways - "Res://ieframe.dll/dnserror.htm#" or "File Not Found C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\IEFRAME.DLL" and can be caused by many different underlying issues.
Fix the "Res://ieframe.dll/dnserror.htm#" Error
More DLL Error Topics
What is a DLL File?Never Download DLL Files!
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How To Troubleshoot an Error in a URL

2008-05-08T03:14:00.001-07:00

Few things are more frustrating than when you click a link or type in a lengthy web site address and the page doesn't load. While there are a number of reasons this might happen, often times the URL is simply incorrect.
If there's a problem with a URL, these easy to follow steps will help you find it.
Difficulty: Easy
Time Required: Less than 15 minutes
Here's How:
If you're using the http: portion of the URL, did you include the forward slashes after the colon?
Did you remember the www? Some websites require this to load properly.
Did you remember the .com, .net, or other top level domain?
Did you type the actual page name if necessary? For example, most web pages have specific names that end in .htm or .html, among others.
zSB(3,3)
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Are you using back slashes \\ instead of the correct forward slashes // after the http: portion of the URL?
Check the www. Did you forget a w or add an extra by mistake - wwww?
Did you type the correct file extension for the page? For example, there's a world of difference in .html and .htm.
If the website is a common one that you're familiar with then double check the spelling. For example, www.googgle.com is very close to www.google.com, but it won't get you to the popular search engine.
If you copied the URL from outside the broswer and pasted it in the address bar, check to see that the entire URL was copied properly. For example, often times the URL in an email message will span two or more lines but only the first line will be pasted in the browser.
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AMIBIOS Beep Codes - POST AMIBIOS Beep Code Fixes

2008-05-08T03:12:00.002-07:00

AMIBIOS Beep Codes Explained
AMIBIOS is American Megatrend's branded BIOS software. American Megatrends, sometimes referred to as AMI, is one of the top BIOS software makers in the world. Many motherboard manufacturers have integrated AMIBIOS into their motherboards and, when trouble starts, will sound the AMIBIOS beep codes.
Some motherboards have custom BIOS software based on AMIBIOS so, depending on the motherboard, the beep codes from the custom BIOS may be exactly the same as the AMIBIOS beep codes or they may vary slightly. Most motherboard manufacturers will list the specific beep codes in their product manuals so reference yours when in doubt.
Note: AMIBIOS beep codes are short, sound in quick succession and usually sound almost immediately after powering on the PC.
Below are the technical causes of each AMIBIOS beep code followed by a short series of steps to resolve the cause of the issue.
1 Beep - Memory refresh timer error
Reseat the memory.
Replace the system memory with new or known-good memory modules.
2 Beeps - Parity error in base memory (first 64KB block)
Reseat the memory.
Replace the system memory with new or known-good memory modules.
3 Beeps - Base memory read/write test error
Reseat the memory.
Replace the system memory with new or known-good memory modules.
4 Beeps - Motherboard timer not operational
Remove all expansion cards, except the video card, to eliminate the possibility that one of the cards is causing the system to malfunction.
Insert the expansion cards back into the system one by one, powering on after each insert, until the beep codes begin again.
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Replace the card that is causing the malfunction.
If beep codes sound when all of the expansion cards are removed, contact the motherboard manufacturer for further support or replace the motherboard.
5 Beeps - Processor error
Remove all expansion cards, except the video card, to eliminate the possibility that one of the cards is causing the system to malfunction.
Insert the expansion cards back into the system one by one, powering on after each insert, until the beep codes begin again. This will determine which card is malfunctioning.
Replace the card that is causing the malfunction.
If beep codes sound when all of the expansion cards are removed, the CPU may be damaged and may need to be replaced.
If beep codes sound when all of the expansion cards are removed and after the CPU has been replaced, contact the motherboard manufacturer for further support or replace the motherboard.
AMIBIOS Beep Codes 6 through 11
1
2
Next
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Top 4 Free Hard Drive Testing Tools

2008-05-08T03:12:00.001-07:00

There are many free hard drive testing tools available to help you determine what, if anything, is wrong when you suspect there may be a problem with a hard drive.
Some of these tools are built in to your operating system already and are ready to use right now while others are available from your hard drive manufacturer.
If you're interested, there are some slightly more costly but arguably better third-party hard drive testing tools available.
1. Microsoft Windows Built-In Error Checking
Error Checking, sometimes referred to as chkdsk, is a hard drive testing tool that comes with Microsoft Windows that can scan your hard drive in search of a wide range of errors. This tool can also attempt to correct a number of hard drive problems.
How to Scan Your Hard Drive Using Built-In Error Checking in Windows
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2. Seagate SeaTools
Seagate SeaTools is free hard drive testing software that comes in two forms for home users:
SeaTools for DOS supports Seagate or Maxtor drives and runs independent from your operating system on its own disk or CD making it highly reliable.
SeaTools for Windows is a program that installs on your Windows system but it really easy to use. You can do basic and advanced testing of any kind of drive - internal or external - from any manufacturer.
For those looking for SeaTools Desktop, SeaTools Online, or Maxtor's PowerMax software, please note that the two tools above have replaced all three. Seagate now owns the Maxtor brand.
Seagate SeaTools Review
3. Hitachi Drive Fitness Test
Hitachi Drive Fitness Test is free hard drive diagnostic software available for use on most drives available today.
The Hitachi Drive Fitness Test software installs on a floppy disk which is then used to boot the computer. See the installation instructions from Hitachi in the link below for details.
More Info
4. Western Digital Data Lifeguard Diagnostic
Western Digital Data Lifeguard Diagnostic is free hard drive testing software designed for Western Digital branded hard drives. Data Lifeguard Diagnostic will also run diagnostics on hard drives from other manufacturers as long as the primary drive is Western Digital.
The Western Digital Data Lifeguard Diagnostic software installs on Windows operating systems and allows for a number of hard drive tests. See the installation instructions from Western Digital in the link below for details.
More Info
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Missing Or Corrupt Hal.dll Error Resolution

2008-05-08T03:11:00.000-07:00

Steps to Resolve the Missing Or Corrupt Hal.dll Error in Windows XP
Error MessageThere are few different ways that the "missing or corrupt hal.dll" error may present itself, with the first listing being the most common:
"Windows could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt:\system32\hal.dll.Please re-install a copy of the above file."
Winnt_root>\System32\Hal.dll missing or corrupt:Please re-install a copy of the above file."
"Cannot find \Windows\System32\hal.dll"
"Cannot find hal.dll" The "missing or corrupt hal.dll" error displays shortly after the computer is first started. Windows XP has not yet fully loaded when this error message appears.
CauseCauses of the "missing or corrupt hal.dll" error include, naturally, a damaged hal.dll file or a hal.dll file that has been deleted or moved from its intended location.
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Resolution
Restart the PC. The hal.dll error could be a fluke.
Run Windows XP System Restore from a command prompt. If this doesn't work or you're receiving the hal.dll error message before you're able to complete this process, move on to Step 3.
Repair or replace the boot.ini file. This will work if the cause of the problem is actually Windows XP's boot.ini file and not the hal.dll file, which is often times the case.
Write a new partition boot sector to the Windows XP system partition. If the partition boot sector has become corrupt or isn't properly configured, you may receive the hal.dll error.
Restore the hal.dll file from the Windows XP CD. If the hal.dll file is truly the cause of the problem, restoring it from the original Windows XP CD may do the trick.
Perform a repair installation of Windows XP. This type of installation should replace any missing or corrupt files. Continue troubleshooting if this does not resolve the issue.
Perform a clean installation of Windows XP. This type of installation will completely remove Windows XP from your PC and install it again from scratch. While this will almost certainly resolve any hal.dll errors, it is a time consuming process due to the fact that all of your data must be backed up and then later restored.If you can't gain access to your files to back them up, understand that you will lose them all if you continue with a clean installation of Windows XP.
Finally, if all else has failed, including the clean installation from the last step, you're most likely facing a hardware issue with your hard drive. Replace the hard drive and then perform a new installation of Windows XP.
Applies ToThis issue applies to the Windows XP operating system, including Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Home Edition.
Still Having Hal.dll Issues?Let a community of PC support enthusiasts help out! Post the details of your problem in the Focus on PC Support Forums. Be sure to let us know what steps you've already taken to resolve the "missing or corrupt hal.dll" issue.
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Top 3 Internet Speed Test Sites

2008-05-08T03:10:00.000-07:00

If your Internet connection seems slow, the first step is to benchmark it using an Internet speed test site. An Internet speed test can give you an accurate indication of how much bandwidth is available to you at the current time.
Whether you have high speed broadband or a dial-up Internet connection, an Internet speed test can help determine if you're speeding along the Information Superhighway as fast as you should be.
Check out the Top 3 Internet Speed Test Sites listed below:
1. Speedtest.net Internet Speed Test
Of all the Internet speed test sites out there, this one is the winner by a landslide! It's fast, free and graphically appealing with a speedometer-like display. A huge list of worldwide test locations are available making for very accurate results. The nearest one is automatically calculated based on your IP address which is very handy.
Speedtest.net also keeps a log of all the Internet speed tests that you perform and creates an attractive results graphic you can send to your friends or post online.
Speedtest.net is operated by Ookla, a major provider of speed test technology to many sites, like Speakeasy.
Speedtest.net Internet Speed Test Review
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2. AuditMyPC.com Internet Speed Test
Another great Internet speed test site is this one hosted at AuditMyPC.com. While there are no multiple server locations to choose from, the results are very easy to read and have been fairly accurate based in my tests.
Like most other bandwidth speed test sites available, this site tests both download bandwidth and upload bandwidth.
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3. CNET Bandwidth Meter Speed Test
The CNET Bandwidth Meter Speed Test is an Internet speed test like most others and I've found it to be fairly accurate.
This site differs in its ability to rank your connection next to others from the same ISP. I highly recommend this Internet speed test in addition to the others on this page based on this feature.
One important thing to note about this Internet speed test is that it only tests the download bandwidth for your connection. Most internet speed test sites test both the download and upload bandwidth for your Internet connection. Still, this is a great tool considering the comparison features.
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Top 3 Free Product Key Finder Programs

2008-05-08T03:08:00.000-07:00

If you're preparing to reinstall an operating system (for example, doing a clean install of Windows XP) or another program, you will need to find your copy of the software's product key (CD key). Normally this product key is located with the original manual or CD.
If you've lost your product key you can often find it in the registry but this can be very difficult to do. Luckily, there are many free key finder programs available to help.
Below are the top 3 free key finder programs.
1. Magical Jelly Bean Keyfinder

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The Magical Jelly Bean Keyfinder program is a free utility that retrieves product keys from the registry. It also has the ability to change the product key for the Windows XP operating system if need be.
Advantages include very small size, ease of use, no installation required, instant display of product keys and multiple product key saving options.
Finds Keys for Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT4, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Vista.
Finds Keys for Other Software: Microsoft Office 97, Office XP and Office 2003.
Magical Jelly Bean Keyfinder v1.51 Review

How To Troubleshoot a Computer That Won't Turn On

2008-05-08T03:06:00.002-07:00

It's a dreadful way to start a day - you press the power button on your computer and nothing happens. Do not fear because all may not be lost! Follow these simple steps to determine why your computer won't turn on.
Note: It is very important to troubleshoot any issue beginning with the most likely and easily testable problem so be sure to follow these steps in order.
Difficulty: Average
Time Required: Anywhere from 10 minutes to a few hours or more depending on why the computer won't turn on
Here's How:
As silly as it may sound, the number one reason why a computer won't turn on is because it wasn't turned on! Before starting a sometimes time consuming troubleshooting process, make sure you've turned on every power switch and power button associated with your computer:
Power button/switch on the front of the computer's case.
Power button/switch on the front and/or back of the monitor.
Power switch on the power supply on the back of the computer.
Power switch on the power strip or surge protector (if you have one).
Verify that the power supply voltage switch is correctly set. If the input voltage for the power supply does not match the correct setting for your country, your computer may not power on.
Check for loose computer and monitor power cable connections. A loose or unplugged power cable is one of the top reasons why a computer doesn't turn on.
Perform a "lamp test" to verify power is being provided. Your computer isn't going to turn on if it's not getting power so you need to make sure that the power source is working properly.
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A damaged power supply could be preventing the computer from being properly powered.
Do a quick test of the power supply by holding your hand behind the power supply fan located at the rear of the case. If the power supply is working, you should feel air from within the case blowing against your hand. If not, you may need to replace the power supply.
Tip: Is the power light on the front of the computer's case on? If you've turned the power switch on but the light is off, this is another good indication that the power supply is the cause of this issue.
Over time, internal components and the cables that connect them can wiggle loose which can often times result in a computer unable to power on. Try reseating the following and then try to power on the computer again:
Reseat the internal cables
Reseat the memory modules
Reseat the video card
Reseat other expansion cards
Reseating the CPU may also be necessary but should only be attempted if the reseating of all other components is not successful. This is due to the fact that this process is a little more involved and can run a small risk of damage to the CPU. This isn't a big concern if you're careful, so don't worry!
Check for causes of electrical shorts in the computer case. This is often the cause of the problem when the computer powers on for a second or two but then powers off completely.
Most monitors have a small light next to the power button that can change between various colors. If the screen is blank, this light is your main source of information about the monitor.
If this light is not on at all, double-check the power switch and connections (Steps 1, 2 and 3) and also make sure the monitor cable is securely plugged in to the video card port on the back of the computer case. If the light is still off, replace the monitor. If it comes back on, try starting your computer again - a loose or unplugged monitor cable may have been the issue all along.
An amber or yellow power light simply means that the monitor is not receiving any information from the computer. In and of itself, this doesn't tell us much.
On the other hand, if the light is amber or yellow, the computer power light is on, and the hard drive is active (making familiar sounds and the hard drive activity light on the computer case is blinking), the computer is probably starting normally but the video card is not sending information to the monitor. Replace the video card.
Beep codes (see Step 11) usually sound when a video card has malfunctioned but this is not always the case.
Is your computer making a beeping sound? Sometimes a computer will turn on just enough to play a series of beeps from the speakers.
These beep codes play in particular sequences and represent a specific problem that your computer is having. Troubleshoot the beep code to figure out what it's saying and then service the computer as necessary.
Tips:
Still can't get your computer to turn on? Let a community of computer support enthusiasts help out! Post the details of your problem in the Focus on PC Support Forums.
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How To Adjust the Screen Resolution Setting in Windows XP

2008-05-08T03:06:00.001-07:00

Adjusting the screen resolution setting may be necessary to resolve issues with the display size on monitors and other output devices like projectors.
Difficulty: Easy
Time Required: Adjusting the screen resolution in Windows XP usually takes less than 5 minutes
Here's How:
Navigate to the Control Panel in Microsoft Windows by left-clicking on Start, followed by Settings and then choosing Control Panel.
In the Control Panel window, open Display.
Note: In Microsoft Windows XP, depending on how your operating system is setup, you may not see the Display icon. To correct this, click on the link on the left-hand side of the Control Panel window that says Switch to Classic View.
In the Display Properties window, click on the Settings tab.
Locate the Screen resolution slider on the left-hand side of the window. Under most circumstances, the best choice is 800 by 600 pixels or 1024 by 768 pixels, possibly higher if you're using a 19" or larger monitor. The "best" setting is highly subjective to your personal preferences.
Note: Some types of software require the screen resolution settings to be set at a specific size. If you receive errors when opening certain software titles be sure to make any changes here as necessary.
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Click the OK or Apply button to confirm the changes. If prompted, follow any additional on screen directions.
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How To Change the Refresh Rate Setting in Windows XP

2008-05-08T03:05:00.002-07:00

Adjusting the refresh rate setting may be necessary to resolve screen flicker and other unstable display issues on monitors and other output devices like projectors.
Difficulty: Easy
Time Required: Changing the refresh rate setting in Windows XP should take less than 5 minutes
Here's How:
Navigate to the Control Panel in Microsoft Windows by left-clicking on Start, followed by Settings and then choosing Control Panel.
In the Control Panel window, open Display.
Note: Depending on how your operating system is setup, you may not see the Display icon. To correct this, click on the link on the left-hand side of the Control Panel window that says Switch to Classic View.
In the Display Properties window, click on the Settings tab.
Toward the bottom of this window, click on the Advanced button.
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In the resulting window, which may or may not be tittled Plug and Play Monitor..., click on the Monitor tab.
Locate the Screen refresh rate drop down box in the middle of the window. Under most circumstances, the best choice is the highest rate available. Depending on your issue though, the rate may need to be lowered.
Note: It is always recommended to keep the Hide modes that this monitor cannot display checkbox checked. Choosing refresh rates outside this range could damage hardware.
Click the OK or Apply button to confirm the changes. If prompted, follow any additional on screen directions.
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How To Adjust the Colors Display Setting in Windows Vista

2008-05-08T03:05:00.001-07:00

Adjusting the colors display setting in Windows Vista may be necessary to resolve color issues on monitors and other output devices like projectors.
Difficulty: Easy
Time Required: Adjusting the colors display setting in Windows Vista usually takes less than 5 minutes
Here's How:
Click on Start and then Control Panel.
Tip: In a hurry? Type personalization in the search box after clicking Start. Choose Personalization from the list of results and then skip to Step 5.
Click on the Appearance and Personalization link.
Note: If you're viewing the Classic View of Control Panel, you won't see this link. Simply double-click on the Personalization icon and proceed to Step 5.
Click on the Personalization link.
Click on the Display Settings link.
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Locate the Colors drop down box on the right-hand side of the window. Under most circumstances, the best choice is the highest "bit" available. Generally, this will be the Highest (32 bit) option.
Note: Some types of software require the colors display setting to be set at a lower rate than suggested above. If you receive errors when opening certain software titles be sure to make any changes here as necessary.
Click the OK button to confirm the changes. If prompted, follow any additional on screen directions.
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How To Adjust the Color Quality Setting in Windows XP

2008-05-08T03:04:00.000-07:00

Adjusting the color quality setting in Windows XP may be necessary to resolve issues with the color display on monitors and other output devices like projectors.
Difficulty: Easy
Time Required: Adjusting the color quality setting in Windows XP usually takes less than 5 minutes
Here's How:
Navigate to the Control Panel by left-clicking on Start, followed by Settings and then choosing Control Panel.
In the Control Panel window, open Display.
Note: Depending on how Windows XP is setup on your system, you may not see the Display icon. To correct this, click on the link on the left-hand side of the Control Panel window that says Switch to Classic View.
In the Display Properties window, click on the Settings tab.
Locate the Color quality drop down box on the right-hand side of the window. Under most circumstances, the best choice is the highest "bit" available. Generally, this will be the Highest (32 bit) option.
Note: Some types of software require the color quality settings to be set at a lower rate than suggested above. If you receive errors when opening certain software titles be sure to make any changes here as necessary.
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Click the OK or Apply button to confirm the changes. If prompted, follow any additional on screen directions.
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How To Access the BIOS Setup Utility

2008-05-08T02:33:00.000-07:00

You may need to access the BIOS setup utility for a number of reasons like managing memory settings, configuring a new hard drive, changing the boot order, resetting the BIOS password, etc.
Entering BIOS is actually very easy once you determine which key or combination of keys on your keyboard to press to access BIOS.
Follow the easy steps below to access the BIOS setup utility on your computer.
Difficulty: Easy
Time Required: Accessing the BIOS setup utility for your computer usually takes less than 5 minutes
Here's How:
Turn on your PC or restart it if it's already on.
Watch for a "entering setup" message in the first few seconds after turning on your computer. This message varies greatly from computer to computer and also includes the key or keys you need to press to enter BIOS.
Here are some common ways you might see this BIOS access message:
Press [key] to enter setup
Setup: [key]
Enter BIOS by pressing [key]
Press [key] to enter BIOS setup
Press [key] to access BIOS
Press [key] to access system configuration
Quickly press the key or keys instructed by the previous message to get into BIOS.
Note: You may need to press the BIOS access key several times to enter BIOS. Don't hold the key down or press it too many times or your system may error or lock up. If that happens, just restart and try again.
If you don't catch the key sequence needed to get into BIOS, check out the tips below or reference one of these lists:
BIOS Setup Utility Access Keys for Popular Computer Systems BIOS Setup Utility Access Keys for Popular Motherboards BIOS Setup Utility Access Keys for Major BIOS Manufacturers
Tips:
See a picture instead of a message? Your computer may be configured to show your computer's logo instead of important BIOS messages. Press Esc or Tab while the logo is showing to remove it.
See the message but didn't catch which key to press? Some computers start too quickly to see the BIOS access message. If this happens, press the Pause/Break key on your keyboard to freeze the screen during startup. Press any key to "unpause" your computer and continue booting.
Having troubles pausing the startup screen? If you're having problems pressing that pause button in time, turn on your computer with your keyboard unplugged. You should receive a keyboard error which will pause the startup process long enough for you to see the keys necessary to enter BIOS!
Accessing the BIOS is independent of any operating system on your computer because the BIOS is part of your motherboard hardware. It doesn't matter if your PC is running Windows XP, Windows Vista, Linux, Unix, or no operating system at all - any instructions for entering the BIOS setup utility will be the same.
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